Personal investing: how to build wealth slowly with broad index funds, and the traps (leverage, concentration, social-media FOMO) that wipe people out. Also how to think about bubbles and expensive markets without trying to time them.
Concepts
- index-investing: buy-and-hold broad indexes; learn the basics first
- compound-interest: slow wealth by starting early
- leverage: borrowed money multiplies losses and takes away your exit, via margin calls or x2–x5 funds that can go to zero
- concentration-risk: when an “index” is really 2–3 stocks
- survivorship-bias: you only see the winners
- fomo: others’ apparent gains push you into risk
- market-bubbles: every tech wave brings one; the AI boom’s signs; why long-term investors welcome a burst
- cape-ratio: Shiller P/E; ~41 in 2026, topped only by the dot-com era
- market-timing: selling or waiting for a crash usually costs more than it saves